CJC-1295 Source

The full reference list

CJC-1295 references: every source behind the inscribed record

The peer-reviewed studies and reviews cited across this site, with DOIs and PubMed links so any claim can be traced to its source.

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How to read these references

These CJC-1295 references are the complete source list for the quantitative claims on this site. The human pharmacokinetic record rests on Teichman 2006 [1] and Ionescu/Frohman 2006 [3]; the founding rat characterization on Jette 2005 [2]; the once-daily growth normalization on Alba 2006 [4]. The two-receptor synergy behind the ipamorelin pairing rests on the GHRH/GHRP synergy [7] and potentiation [8] studies and the ipamorelin characterization [9]. Each numbered entry below carries a DOI or PubMed link; every quantitative statement on the site maps to one of these numbers.

The list is deliberately compact. CJC-1295's peer-reviewed core is small — a handful of human pharmacokinetic studies, the founding bioconjugate paper, and an animal-model normalization study — and we would rather inscribe that small core accurately than pad it with secondary commentary. Where a claim rests on epidemiology or regulatory record rather than a CJC-1295 trial (the IGF-1/cancer association, the 2024 PCAC 503A non-recommendation, the WADA listing), the text says so in place rather than dressing it as a compound-specific finding.

The human core, the animal core, and the class context

The references fall into three tiers a reader can weight accordingly. The human core is the pharmacokinetic and proteomic work in healthy volunteers — Teichman 2006 [1], Ionescu/Frohman 2006 [3], and Sackmann-Sala 2009 [5] — which establishes GH/IGF-1 kinetics, preserved pulsatility, and serum-protein biomarkers, but no clinical outcomes. The animal and in-vitro core — Jette 2005 [2] and Alba 2006 [4] — established the albumin-conjugate design and that once-daily dosing normalizes growth in GHRH-knockout mice; both are preclinical.

The class and analytical context rounds out the list: the GHRH/GHRP synergy [7] and potentiation [8] studies and the ipamorelin characterization [9], pharmacokinetics [10], and bone study [11] support the ipamorelin pairing; the anti-doping identification [6] and detection reviews [12] [13] document how CJC-1295 is found in seized products and athlete samples; and the 2025 Nature Reviews Endocrinology review [14] and a 2026 gerontology review [15] place the GHRH-analog class in its current scientific frame. Reading the tiers in that order is the honest way to see what CJC-1295 has and has not been shown to do.

  1. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  2. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  6. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  7. Determinants of GH-releasing hormone and GH-releasing peptide synergy in men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009. ↗
  8. Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced GH secretion. Endocrinology. 2002. ↗
  9. Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. ↗
  10. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide. Pharm Res. 1999. ↗
  11. The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2001. ↗
  12. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. ↗
  13. Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016. ↗
  14. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. ↗
  15. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Front Aging. 2026. ↗