The full reference list
CJC-1295 references: every source behind the published record
The scientific studies and medical reviews cited across this site, with links so you can check every finding in the original papers.
How to read the references on this site
These CJC-1295 references represent the published research record for the compound. The literature is specific. It's quite narrow. Human data rest on two clinical trials from 2006 that tested hormone changes in healthy adult volunteers [1] [3]. Foundational animal studies from 2005 and 2006 confirmed how the chemical binds to blood albumin [2]. A follow-up mouse study from 2006 verified growth restoration in rodents [4].
When reading studies about CJC-1295, you need to check which form was administered. Research on CJC-1295 with DAC describes multi-day hormone elevation. Studies on Modified GRF describe pulses lasting thirty minutes. Laboratory papers investigating two separate biological routes show how growth messengers act alongside ipamorelin in animal cells [7] [8] [9]. Regulatory reviews from 2024 document safety evaluations and restrictions on custom mixing in compounding pharmacies. Every factual claim on this site points to one of these numbered papers for your inspection. That's how you check the evidence.
How studies are grouped between human trials and animal tests
The references fall into three distinct groups. You can weigh them separately. The first group contains early human clinical studies from 2006 that measured growth hormone in healthy volunteers [1] [3]. A related trial from 2009 tracked rises in blood carrier proteins [5]. Those proteins travel alongside liver-produced IGF-1. These papers show what a single injection does. They document short-term blood changes in healthy people.
The second group includes foundational animal experiments from 2005 and 2006 in rats and mice [2] [4]. These laboratory animal papers tested the compound in rodents. Tests began before human trials started. A related 2006 study verified normal daily growth in mice that lacked their own growth gene. Additional laboratory studies describe how growth messengers interact with ipamorelin in animal cells [7] [8] [9]. Animal tests provide clues. They track how fast rodent blood clears ipamorelin [10] [11].
The third group compares CJC-1295 with similar growth drugs and explains forensic testing methods. Forensic chemical testing confirmed CJC-1295 inside unlicensed vials sold on the black market [6]. Anti-doping papers describe detection methods used in competitive sports [12] [13]. Overviews from 2025 and 2026 evaluate the medical research on growth peptides [14] [15]. They give a broad summary. They confirm that daily fitness benefits and long-term safety for this compound remain unproved in humans. That is the current scientific consensus.
- Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
- Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
- Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
- Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
- Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
- Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
- Determinants of GH-releasing hormone and GH-releasing peptide synergy in men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009. ↗
- Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced GH secretion. Endocrinology. 2002. ↗
- Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. ↗
- Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide. Pharm Res. 1999. ↗
- The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2001. ↗
- Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. ↗
- Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016. ↗
- Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. ↗
- Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Front Aging. 2026. ↗
- (2026 peptide therapy safety review). Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
- Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
- (GH sodium-retention study). GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. ↗
- (GHRH analog pulsatility/insulin study). Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. ↗
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) meeting - briefing document on growth hormone secretagogues (CJC-1295). FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Materials. 2024. ↗
- ConjuChem Inc. (trial sponsor). A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2006. ↗
- Reference summary. Modified GRF (1-29) - chemical and pharmacological description. Encyclopedic reference. 2024. ↗
- World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List - Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. WADA International Standard. 2025. ↗